Phosphorus
Profitable production of grain and pasture crops in many regions has relied on the application of phosphorus (P), particularly in high rainfall (> 800 mm) areas and on highly weathered soils with very low levels of natural P. Native pastures are adapted to these low levels, but introduced crops and pastures are not. Phosphorus often reacts rapidly with other elements such as calcium and iron in soil, and can result in less than 5% of the total P applied being taken up by plants in the year of application. This adsorption effect increases with declining soil pH.
